Datenbank – mikrobielle Inaktivierung durch gepulstes Licht
Bibliografische Angaben und erzielte Keimreduktion (log)
Die nachfolgende Tabelle listet die wissenschaftlichen Resultate auf, welche mithilfe der Pulsed‑Light‑Sterilisierungsmethode erzielt werden konnten. Die Resultate variieren bisweilen beträchtlich und sind zum Teil nicht einfach zu interpretieren.
Es lässt sich allerdings festhalten, dass in einem Pulsed‑Light‑System zwei Dinge wesentlich sind: zum einen das elektronische Leistungsbauelement, zum anderen die Lampe, welche die Lichtblitze ausstrahlt.
- Die technischen Eigenschaften des ausgesendeten Pulses haben einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Resultate. Die Pulsdauer, die spezifische elektrische Belastungskurve sowie die Beleuchtungsstärke verändern das Lichtspektrum und bestimmen folglich die keimtötende Wirkung.
Wie manchen wissenschaftlichen Publikationen zu entnehmen ist, wurden bei den durchgeführten Testverfahren oft voneinander stark abweichende Pulsmengen eingesetzt. Dieser Umstand trägt zur Erklärung der bedeutenden Ergebnisunterschiede bei.
Die hier abgebildete Datenbank wird laufend aktualisiert. Sie bietet einen Überblick über die behandelten Themen sowie die Resultate, welche gegenüber verschiedenerlei Mikroorganismen erzielt wurden, je nach Fluenz und Anzahl der ausgestrahlten Lichtimpulse.
Germs | Treatment media | Energy or Fluence | Nb of pulses | Initial load (log) | Reduction (log) | References |
E. coli | Water reactor | 0.2 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 2 | A. Wekhof. 1992 |
E. coli | Surface | 10 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 12 | J.M. Boeger et al. 1999 |
E. coli | Water reactor | 0.3 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 3 | A. Kamrukov et al. 1994 & 1997 |
E. coli | Agar | 7J | 50 | 5.3 | 4.7 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
E. coli | Agar | 3J | 512 | 8.3 | 6.82 | MacGregor et al. 1998 |
E. coli | Agar | 3J | 200 | 9.6 | 6.2 | Rowan et al. 1999 |
E. coli | Surface (stainless steel) | 0.3 J/cm² | 3 to 15 | 4.4 | 3.5-3.9 | Haughton et al.. 2007 |
E. coli | On Chicken skin and through PET‑PP. 54 µm | 1.18 J/cm² | 6 to 90 | 4 | 0.6-1.2 | Haughton et al.. 2007 |
E. coli | On chicken skin and through PVC 25‑26 µm | 1.18 J/cm² | 6 to 90 | 4 | 1.3-1.8 | Haughton et al.. 2007 |
E. coli | On chicken skin and through Polyolefin | 1.18 J/cm² | 6 to 90 | 4 | 1.5-1.9 | Haughton et al.. 2007 |
E. coli | On Beef carpaccio through PA/PE 60 µm | 0.175 J/cm² | 4 to 68 | 3 | 0.6-1.2 | Hierro et al. 2012 |
E. coli | In cider | 1.1 J/cm² | 1 to 12 | 5.93 | 1.49 to 2.32 | A. Sauer et al. 2008 |
E. coli | Raspberries | 0.4 J/cm² | 15 to 180 | 6 | 0.4 to 3.9 | Bialka and Demirci 2008 |
E. coli | Strawberries | 0.36 J/cm² | 15 to 180 | 6 | 0.9 to 3.3 | Bialka and Demirci 2008 |
Bacillus subtillis | Surface | 10 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 9 | A. wekhof. 2000 |
Bacillus subtilis | Surface | 0.28 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 1 | J.M. Boeger et al. 1999 |
Bacillus subtilis | Surface | 15.8 J/cm² | 3 | 9 | >6 | Sonensheim. 2003 |
Bacillus cereus | Agar | 7J | 50 | 3.4 | >3 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Bacillus cereus | Agar | 3J | 200 | 8.3 | 4.9 | Rowan et al. 1999 |
Bacillus cereus (spores) | Agar | 7J | 50 | 6.3 | >5.9 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Bacillus circulans (spores) | Agar | 7J | 50 | 5.7 | 3.7 | Gomez‑Lopez et al.. 2005 |
Aspergillus niger | Surface | 10 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 12 | A. wekhof. 2000 |
Aspergillus niger | Surface | 0.12 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 1 | J.M. Boeger et al. 1999 |
Aspergillus niger | Saline solution | 1J/cm² | 5 | 6 | 4.8 | Wekhof et al.. 2001 |
Aspergillus niger | Surface (PE) | 0.0977 J/cm² | 10 to 30 | 3.04-3.08 | 1.2-1.8 | Turtoi and Nicolau. 2007 |
Aspergillus repens | Surface (PE) | 0.0977 J/cm² | 10 to 30 | 3.04-3.08 | 1.1-1.7 | Turtoi and Nicolau. 2007 |
Aspergillus cinnamomeus | Surface (PE) | 0.0977 J/cm² | 10 to 30 | 3.04-3.08 | 1.1-2.1 | Turtoi and Nicolau. 2007 |
Cryptosporidium parvum | Water reactor | 0.25 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 4.6 | J.M. Boeger et al. 1999 |
Cryptosporidium parvum | Surface | 0.25 J/cm² | 2 | 4.5 | >4 | Huffman et al.. 2000 |
Poliovirus | Water reactor | 0.25 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 6.2 | J.M. Boeger et al. 1999 |
Poliovirus type 1 | Surface | 0.25 J/cm² | 2 | 4.5 | >4 | Huffman et al.. 2000 |
Rotavirus SA11 | Surface | 0.25 J/cm² | 2 | 5 | >4 | Huffman et al.. 2000 |
Murine norovirus | Surface (stainless steel) | 0.06 J/cm² | 6 | 5 | 3.6± 1.2 | Jean et al.. 2011 |
Murine norovirus | Surface (PVC) | 0.06 J/cm² | 6 | 5 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | Jean et al.. 2011 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Agar | 3J | 200 | 8.7 | 6.8 | Rowan et al.. 1999 |
Pseudomonas fluorescens | Agar | 7J | 50 | 5.6 | 4.2 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 1999 |
Salmonella enteridis | Agar | 3J | 200 | 9.7 | 5.6 | Rowan et al. 1999 |
Salmonella enteridis | Surface (stainless steel) | 0.3 J/cm² | 3 to 15 | 4.6 | 3.5-3.8 | Haughton et al.. 2007 |
Salmonella enteridis | Surface (eggs) | 0.5 J/cm² | 8 | 3.66-7.92 | >3.66->7.92 | J. Dunn. 1996 |
Salmonella enteridis | Agar | 0.175-0.7 J/cm² | 1 | 7.6 | 3.5 to >6.7 | E. Hierro et al. 2009 |
Salmonella enteridis | Surface (eggs) | 2 to 12 J/cm² | 1 | 6.3 | 0.21 to 1.85 | E. Hierro et al. 2009 |
Salmonella | Raspberries | 0.4 J/cm² | 15 to 180 | 6 | 1 to 3.4 | Bialka and Demirci 2008 |
Salmonella | Strawberries | 0.36 J/cm² | 15 to 180 | 6 | 1.1 to 4.3 | Bialka and Demirci 2008 |
Salmonella | Surface (eggs) | 0,35 J/cm² | 1 to 30 | 6 | 3.5 to >6 | Lasagabaster et al. 2011 |
Salmonella typhimirium | Agar | 7J | 50 | 5.4 | 3.2 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Salmonella typhimirium | on chicken breast and through PP | 0.37 J/cm² | 15 to 180 | 3.4-4.8 | 1.2-2.4 | Keklik et al. 2010 |
Salmonella typhimurium | On Beef carpaccio through PA/PE 60 µm | 0.175 J/cm² | 4 to 68 | 3 | 0.3-1 | Hierro et al. 2012 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | Agar | 7J | 50 | 5.1 | 4.2 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Klebsiella terrigena | Surface | 0.25 J/cm² | 2 | 5.5 | >7 | Huffman et al. 2000 |
Photobacterium phosphoreum | Agar | 7J | 50 | 4.8 | >4.4 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Staphylococcus spp | Surface | 10 J/cm² | 1 | N.C. | 12 | A. wekhof. 2000 |
Staphylococcus aureus | Agar | 3J | 200 | 9.4 | 5.1 | Rowan et al. 1999 |
Staphylococcus aureus | Agar | 7J | 50 | 5.5 | >5.1 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Staphylococcus aureus | Liquid | 16.8 J/cm² | 5 | 7 to 8 | 7.5 | Krishnamurthy et al. 2004 |
Clostridium perfringens | Agar | 7J | 50 | 3.3 | >2.9 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Listeria monocytogenes | Agar | 7J | 50 | 5 | 2.8 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Listeria monocytogenes | Agar | 3J | 200 | 9.4 | 4.4 | Rowan et al. 1999 |
Listeria monocytogenes | Agar | 3J | 512 | 8.38 | 6.25 | MacGregor et al. 1998 |
Listeria monocytogenes | On chicken frankfurters and through PP | 0.37 J/cm² | 15 to 180 | 5 to 6 | 0.8-1.9 | Keklik et al. 2010 |
Listeria monocytogenes | On PE through PE 12µm | 0.175 J/cm² | 1 to 2 | 6.4 | 4.9-5.5 | Fernandez et al. 2009 |
Listeria monocytogenes | On PA/PE/Vynil through PA/PE/vinyl | 0.175 J/cm² | 1 to 2 | 6.4 | 5.1-5.5 | Fernandez et al. 2009 |
Listeria monocytogenes | On PA/PE through PA/PE 60 µm | 0.175 J/cm² | 1 to 2 | 6.4 | 5.3-5.5 | Fernandez et al. 2009 |
Listeria monocytogenes | On Beef carpaccio through PA/PE 60 µm | 0.175 J/cm² | 4 to 68 | 3 | 0.3-0.9 | Hierro et al. 2012 |
Listeria innocua | Surface (stainless steel) | 0.89 J/cm² | 1 to 3 | 6.3 | 2.97-3.59 | Woodling and Moraru. 2005 |
Listeria innocua | Surface (LDPE) | 0.67 J/cm² | 1 to 12 | 7.9 | 1.9-7.1 | Ringus and Moraru. 2013 |
Listeria innocua | Surface (HDPE) | 0.67 J/cm² | 1 to 12 | 7.9 | 1.7-7.2 | Ringus and Moraru. 2013 |
Listeria innocua | Surface (EP) | 0.67 J/cm² | 1 to 12 | 7.9 | 1-3.5 | Ringus and Moraru. 2013 |
Listeria innocua | Surface (MET) | 0.67 J/cm² | 1 to 12 | 7.9 | 1-4.4 | Ringus and Moraru. 2013 |
Listeria innocua | Surface (TR) | 0.67 J/cm² | 1 to 12 | 7.9 | 1.1-4.5 | Ringus and Moraru. 2013 |
Listeria innocua | LDPE through LDPE | 0.67 J/cm² | 1 to 12 | 7.9 | >2 - >6 | Ringus and Moraru. 2013 |
Botrytis cinerea | Agar | 7J | 1500 | 6 | 3 | Marquenie et al.. 2003 |
Monilia fructigena | Agar | 7J | 1500 | 6 | 4 | Marquenie et al.. 2003 |
Saccharomyces cerevisia | Potassium phosphate buffer | 0.7J/cm² | 5 | 7 | 6 | Takeshita et al. 2003 |
Saccharomyces cerevisia | Agar | 3J | 100 | 8.4 | 3.7 | Rowan et al.. 1999 |
Saccharomyces cerevisia | Bead | 0.17 J/cm² | 100 | 8.42 | 0.7 | Fine and Gervais 2003 |
Saccharomyces cerevisia | Surface (Quartz) | 0.24-0.43 J/cm² | 100 | 7.3 | 1 to 2 | Fine and Gervais 2003 |
Candida lambica | Agar | 7J | 50 | 3.4 | 2.8 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa | Agar | 7J | 50 | 3.2 | >2.8 | Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005 |
Cladosporium herbarum | Surface (PE) | 0.0977 J/cm² | 10 to 30 | 3.04-3.08 | 1.1-2.7 | Turtoi and Nicolau. 2007 |
Campylobacter jejuni | Surface (stainless steel) | 0.3 J/cm² | 3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | Haughton et al.. 2007 |
Acyclobacillus acidoteris | 10 mm thick – pure sugar syrup | 1.5 J/cm² | 1 | 5 to 6 | ~3.1 | Chaine et al. 2012 |
Acyclobacillus acidoteris | 3 mm thick – pure sugar syrup | 1.5 J/cm² | 1 | 5 to 6 | ~3.8 | Chaine et al. 2012 |
Acyclobacillus acidoteris | 3 mm thick – industrial sugar syrup | 1.86 J/cm² | 1 | 5 to 6 | 3 | Chaine et al. 2012 |
G. stearothermophillus | 4 mm thick – industrial sugar syrup | 1.86 J/cm² | 1 | 5 to 6 | ~4 | Chaine et al. 2012 |